November 12, 1944. The German battleship Tirpitz is
sunk by Lancasters of RAF Squadrons 9 and 617 in a Norwegian fiord,
finally capsizing and sinking. She had previously been damaged by a
mine placed by an X-craft midget submarine of the Royal Navy, besides
being attacked on previous occasions by Halifaxes of 10 and 35
Squadrons RAF. On this day, incoming Luftwaffe fighters of JG5 had
been scrambled too late to help.
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Sub Lieutenant Richard H. Kendall
was a Royal Navy diver and member of a four-man crew on one of the
midget submarines (called X-craft). These vessels were towed to Norway
by a mother submarine and launched to sink the Tirpitz. After his
boat's gyrocompass failed, his crew armed the sub's explosives. After
scuttling the X-craft near the Tirpitz, he and his crew were taken
prisoner aboard the battleship. They were all on board when the
explosives detonated underneath the Tirpitz, crippling her for the
duration of the war. He remained a prisoner until 1945. Richard Kendall
received the DSO for this heroic attack.
Terje Jacobsen
was a courageous young civilian in the Norwegian underground during the
war. He was a messenger and was also responsible for reporting on the
condition of the Tirpitz after one of the X-craft attacks. He and his
mother were later discovered by German counter-intelligence and had to
flee to neutral Sweden. He continued in Intelligence afterwards in
England, returning to Norway at war's end.
Harry Haxby
was trained as an aero engine fitter, but volunteered to be a Flight
Engineer in the RAF. He joined 35 Squadron for his first tour of
operations, and was awarded the DFM in 1942. By 1943, Harry was
commissioned and completed his second tour with the Pathfinders. Two of
his 48 missions were against the Tirpitz. He also flew Lord Tedder
(Marshall of the RAF) to Yalta, prior to the conference of Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin.
Alfred Zuba
was a Midshipman aboard the Tirpitz for one month before its sinking,
at the foremost firing control station. Although he survived, he was
trapped for ten hours within the wreckage until rescued. The Tirpitz
had capsized and he was pulled from a hole cut into the hull. Alfred
was one of fewer than 90 of the rescued survivors, from a total of 1000
men on board when she was attacked by Lancasters.
Kurt Schulze
flew night missions over England before being posted to JG5, flying
Me109's from Northern Finland and Norway. In early 1945 he commanded
1/JG51 in Gdansk, where he flew the last of 103 missions and ended the
war commanding 13/JG5 in Norway. Kurt was credited with 3 victories.
He flew from Bardufoss, Norway, on November 12, 1944 when the Tirpitz
was attacked by Lancasters off Tromsoe. He was scrambled too late to
intercept the bombers.
Squadron Leader Tony Iveson
was an RAF Spitfire pilot during the Battle of Britain and was shot
down in the English Channel. He instructed pilots in Rhodesia and South
Africa and afterwards joined 617 (Dambuster) Squadron, with which he
flew on all three missions against the Tirpitz. The final mission sank
the battleship with a 12,500 lb 'tallboy' bomb, designed to exceed the
speed of sound at terminal velocity before penetrating the ship's deck.